This paper investigates the effects and parametric optimization of process parameters for plasma arc cutting pac of en31 steel using grey relation analysis. However, as with any piece of equipment you need to know how and why. Consequently, common applications for pac consisted of repeating cutting patterns in a massproduction mode. A person doesnt need to be a physicist or chemist to understand the plasma arc.
A highvelocity jet flow of hot ionized gas melts the metal and then removes the molten material to form a kerf. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting of en 31. A plasma arc operates on principles similar to an arcwelding machine, where an electrical arc is struck between two electrodes. An optimization of the cutting parameters during cnc plasma arc cutting of st37 mild steel plate is attempted using robust design. The process control parameters and their values at different levels are shown in table 1. Plasma arc machining pam pdf plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. The influence of arc plasma parameters on the form of a.
Experimental study of anode processes in plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc machining process pdf 10 plasma arc machining. Advanced manufacturing processes amps plasma beam machining. Our new desktop experience was built to be your music destination. Edm involves the direction of highfrequency electrical spark discharges from a graphite or soft metal tool, which serves as an electrode, to disintegrate electrically conductive materials such as hardened steel or carbide. The key difference from gtaw is that in paw, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope. Hot machining process for improved metal removal rates in. Analysis of process parameters of plasma arc cutting of. Which parameters influence the process and to define these parameters. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path called pam, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges.
Drop down menus drop drown menus used by plasma configured in cnc machine operator to. In plasma arc welding, the quality of the weld depends on a large number of factors, especially the physical characteristics of the material to be welded and the welding parameters to be used. Plasma is defined as a gas that has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become partially ionized and therefore electrically conductive. An optimization of the cutting parameters during cnc plasmaarc cutting of st37 mild steel plate is attempted using robust design. The experimental results are reported and comparatively analyzed. International journal of advance research in engineering. Plasma arc machining pam plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. Plasma can also be used for plasma arc welding and other applications 24. In this process heat for machining is produced by convection from the high temperature plasma as well as due to. Machine tool machine tool electricaldischarge machining edm. One of the most important non conventional machining methods is plasma arc machining. Unconventional machining processes plasma arc machining how plasma arc machining takes place high temperature machining. To study about the best combination of solution for. Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma.
Plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Plasma arc machining or laser beam machining is that which is the last point. In the present investigation, plasma arc cutting of stainless steel 316l materials has been carried out using plasma arc cutting machine. Plasma arc machining is one of the most important non conventional machining method used in fabrication industries because of its high accuracy, ability to machine any hard material, ability to produce any intricate shape and better finish. The torch produces a high velocity jet of hightemperature ionized g. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with thickness 4 mm, which. Plasma arc machining pam pdf plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. These savings will result in greater profits for your cutting operations and your company.
Plasma arc machining machine tool technology britannica. The arc cut pro is designed not only for plate cutting, but also for running structural material such as channel, tubing, angle and beams. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting of en 31 steel based on. The process parameters tested were the cutting speed, arc ampere. Pdf the effect of various process parameters like welding current, arc gap and welding speed on tensile strength, impact strength and surface. Ionized orifice gas from the pilot arc is blown through the constricting tip orifice by a compressed gas. In some of the cases they arc the only efficient solution for realizing the specillc industrial pruducts. This paper shows the detailed analysis of process parameters, features and benefits of wire electric discharge machining. Pdf plasma arc cutting dimensional accuracy optimization. Plasma arc welding is an arc welding process that melts and joins metals by heating them with a constricted plasma arc established between a tungsten electrode and the metals. The plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations. Plasma arc cutting process is the nonconventional thermal process which is applicable to perform various operations such as cutting, welding, coating etc. Plasma arc cutter machine model ps100 was used to cut the specimens.
Here is a very brief account of the physics of paw with an eye to the needs of a welder. The research and development in the precise and accurate machining technology of hard metals ferrous. The basic arrangement for a plasma arc cutting torch, similar to the plasma arc welding torch, is shown in figure 1071. Plasma can cut in a wide range of cutting parameters currents, metal thicknesses and nozzle orifice diameters for plasma arc cutting of stainless steel materials. The topic for the thesis writing is the analysis of process parameters of plasma arc cutting using design of experiment techniques. Electron beam machining laser beam machining arc cutting processes plasma arc cutting. Influence of process parameters on joining strength 269 three parameters are chosen to adjust the welding process variables and welding conditions. Results of computer simulation of the processes of welding arc generation with a nonconsumable tungsten electrode in inert gas are shown. Various input parameters like current, gas pressure, speed and arc gap were used in this experiment and obtaining the responses such as machining time. Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasmaarc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. Mar, 2020 the plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Pam is a method of cutting metal with a plasma arc, or tungsten inertgas arc, torch.
Machine tool electricaldischarge machining edm britannica. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. Robotic variable polarity plasma arc vppa welding waris s. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Plasma arc machining pam the plasma welding process was introduced to the welding industry in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the a rc welding process in lower current ranges. With increase in competition in market and to attain high accuracy now a days the nonconventional machining are become lifeline of any industry. The following cut charts show the consumable parts, cutting speeds and the gas and torch settings required for each. Experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting process. Plasma arc cutting is such a simple process you could almost take it out of the box and start using it.
A high temperature plasma arc is used to provide intense localised heat, softening only the chip material, leaving the work piece relatively cool and metallurgical undamaged. Plasma is the state of the matter when part of the gas is ionized making it a conductor of electric current. Here is a very brief account of the physics of paw with an eye to the. A total of 31 experimental runs are designed which consist of 2p factorial runs, 2p axial runs and 7 centre point runs where p is the number of control parameters. Plasma arc machining pam kcg college of technology. Edm has emerged as the most cost effective and high precision machining process in past years. Feb, 2017 unconventional machining processes plasma arc machining how plasma arc machining takes place high temperature machining. The highenergy arc creates high temperatures ranging from 3,000 degrees to 7,000 degrees celsius. Nontraditional processes ntp nontraditional cutting. The topic for the thesis writing is the analysis of process. When a flowing gas is heated to a sufficiently high temperature of the order of 16,500c to become partially ionised, it is known as plasma. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. Plasma arc welding and machine seminar report pdf ppt download introduction.
The quality of the markings will vary depending on the cut process, material type, and material thickness. Nonconventional machining processes as viable alternatives. Because a low exposure height requires substantial cooling for the fixture and. A good operator with wellmaintained plasma arc cutting pac equipment can save a shop hours of downtime and thousands of dollars in operating expenses. The plasma is obtained by forcing a gas through an electric arc generated between cathode hot tungsten and. Xpr300 represents hypertherms most significant advance in mechanized plasma cutting technology ever and its now available in multitorch configurations. This paper deals with the hot machining process, for turning operations, which is designed to give improved metal removal rates, particularly on difficulttomachine metals. Electrical discharge machining edm is a machining method primarily used for machining of metals or hard metals. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using genetic algorithm ruben phipon1, b.
Pam is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. The welding process parameters must be carefully balanced to maintain the stability of the keyhole and the weld pool. Advantages of plasma cutting plasma arc cutting is an excellent choice for most cutting applications but it is particularly well suited for applications where speed and. This forms a low resistance path to ignite the main arc between the electrode and the workpiece figure 76. Todday, plasma retains the original advantages it brought to industry by providing an. However, as with any piece of equipment you need to know how. This method is straightforward with easy operability, and the results have also been established by running confirmation tests. The plasma arc cutting process severs metal by using a constricted arc to melt a localized area of a workpiece, removing the molten material with a highvelocity jet of ionized gas issuing from. A plasma arc creates a very clean, dross free cut with minimal heat input, usually requiring very little rework or cleanup. Edm is a controlled metal removal process that is used to remove metals by mean of electric spark erosion so it is also known as simply spark machining. Pdf optimization of process parameters in plasma arc. As such one has to adopt experimental methods, which are. In this process heat for machining is produced by convection from the high temperature plasma as well as due to direct electron bombardment.
The plasma arc torch has a space or area surrounding. Pdf optimization of welding parameters using plasma arc welding. Pdf experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc cutting is machining process where material is cut by plasma arc. The calculations were carried out in a package of applied programs at various currents. The control parameters optimization for individual machining characteristic is concerned with separately maximize the material removal rate, separately minimize the tool wear ratio and separately obtained a good surface finish. Pdf plasma arc cutting optimization parameters for aluminum. The focus on this project is to obtain an optimum condition setting to obtain maximum mrr and minimum the surface roughness sr. Optimization of machining process parameters in plasma arc.
All the welding parameters and process controls are programmable. The plasma arc process has always been seen as an alternative to the oxyfuel process. This work aims at evaluating processing parameters, such as the cutting power, scanning speed. Plasma arc welding and machine seminar reportpdfppt download. The influence of the marangoni force on the form of a welding pool has been considered. Nonconventional machining processes as viable alternatives for production with. In this advanced technological process, the cnc plasma arc machining is gaining. Plasma arc machining pam and plasma arc welding paw. To study about the influence of plasma arc cutting parameters on suitable material. Plasma arc cutting operations soldering, brazing, braze welding, wearfacing. The torch produces a highvelocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas plasma that cuts by melting and displacing material from the workpiece. Influence of process parameters on joining strength in. Plasma cutting is often used in fabrication shops, automotive repair and restoration, industrial construction, and. In lbm, there are many factors such as beam parameters, material parameters and machining parameters which affects the various quality characteristics, e.
The term plasma, as employed in physics, means ionized particles. Early plasma cutters were large, slow, and expensive. Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and. The electrode and workpiece are immersed in a dielectric liquid, and a feed mechanism maintains a spark. Plasma arc machining pam electron beam machiningebm. Plasma arc machining pam and plasma arc welding paw the plasma welding process was introduced to the welding industry in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the a rc welding process in lower current ranges. Apr 21, 2015 introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. To design a series of experiment using the help of design of experiments doe layout in order to study about plasma arc cutting pac. Further, the concept of hot wire tig welding process has also been elaborated. Experimental study and optimisation of mrr in cnc plasma arc. In this part of the series the process fundamentals are described with emphasis being placed on the operating features and the advantages of the many process variants. The premise attributes beneficial knowledge for managing the machining parameters to enhance the preciseness of machined parts by plasma arc cutting.
The plasma welding process was introduced to the welding industry in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Cnc control of the plasma cutting process the value of plasma cut charts. The plasma arc cutting process employs a plasma torch with a very narrow bore to produce a transferred arc to the work. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. The welding power supply then maintains a low current arc inside the torch.
Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting of en 31 steel based on mrr and multiple roughness characteristics using grey relational analysis. Abstract to improve and optimize the responses of a laser beam machining process, the various input machining control parameters are to be set at an optimal value. Working a principle of wire cut electric discharge machining is same as that of electric discharge machining. Plasma arc welding and machine seminar reportpdfppt download introduction.
The electric arc is formed between an electrode which is usually but not always made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. To study about the best combination of solution for optimum condition setting parameters. Marking parameters are shown at the bottom of each cut chart. Plasma arc welding paw is an arc welding process similar to gas tungsten arc welding gtaw. Plasma arc machining pam methods machining engineering. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc machining pam pdf plasma arc machining pam pdf plasma arc machining pam pdf download. Roughness and mrr effect on manual plasma arc cutting machining. Nontraditional processes ntp nontraditional cutting processes. Typical materials cut with a plasma torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other conductive metals may be cut as well. It is the state of the matter present in between the electrodes in any arc. Various input parameters like the selection of cutting parameters, gas.
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